Oral airway

Oral airway is a medical device used to maintain or open a patient's airway. It does so by preventing the tongue from covering the epiglottis, which could obstruct the airway, making it a critical tool in emergency medicine, anesthesiology, and first aid. Oral airways are commonly used in situations where a patient is unconscious and at risk of airway obstruction.

Types of Oral Airways

There are several types of oral airways, but the most commonly used are the Guedel airway and the Berman airway. The Guedel airway, also known as an oropharyngeal airway, is designed with a curvature to fit the anatomy of the oropharynx comfortably. It has a flange at one end to prevent it from being inserted too far and a hollow tube that allows air to pass through. The Berman airway is similar but has side channels that allow for suctioning and the passage of an endotracheal tube if needed.

Indications

Oral airways are used in various medical settings, including during anesthesia in surgery to keep the airway open and in emergency situations to prevent airway obstruction in unconscious patients. They are particularly useful in patients who are at risk of airway obstruction due to the tongue or other soft tissues.

Contraindications

The use of an oral airway is contraindicated in patients who are conscious or semi-conscious as it may trigger a gag reflex, leading to vomiting or aspiration. It is also not suitable for patients with severe facial or oral injuries.

Insertion Technique

The insertion of an oral airway requires care and attention to detail. The device is typically inserted upside down until it reaches the back of the throat, at which point it is rotated 180 degrees so that it fits properly over the tongue. Proper sizing is crucial to ensure effectiveness and minimize discomfort or injury.

Complications

Complications from using an oral airway are rare but can include injury to the teeth, lips, tongue, or oropharynx. Incorrect sizing or improper insertion technique can increase the risk of these complications.

Conclusion

Oral airways are a simple yet vital tool in maintaining airway patency in unconscious patients or during anesthesia. Their use requires proper knowledge of the types, indications, contraindications, and insertion techniques to minimize risks and ensure patient safety.