Oreochromis niloticus

Oreochromis niloticus, commonly known as the Nile tilapia, is a species of tilapia, a cichlid fish native to the northern part of Africa. It is one of the most popular and widely farmed fish for aquaculture due to its rapid growth, tolerance to a wide range of environmental conditions, and palatability.

Taxonomy and naming

The scientific name Oreochromis niloticus is derived from the Greek words "oreos" (mountain), "chromis" (a type of fish), and "niloticus" (from the Nile). The common name, Nile tilapia, refers to the River Nile, where the species is believed to have originated.

Description

Nile tilapia are medium-sized fish that can grow up to 60 cm in length and weigh up to 4.3 kg. They have a laterally compressed body with a long dorsal fin, and their color can vary from a dark grey to a light yellow, depending on the age and sex of the fish, as well as environmental factors.

Distribution and habitat

Nile tilapia are native to Africa, but have been introduced to many other parts of the world for aquaculture. They are found in a variety of habitats, including rivers, lakes, and man-made ponds. They prefer warm water temperatures between 31-36 degrees Celsius.

Diet

Nile tilapia are omnivores, feeding on a diet that includes algae, small invertebrates, and detritus. In aquaculture, they are often fed a diet of commercial fish feed.

Reproduction

Nile tilapia are mouthbrooders, meaning the female carries the fertilized eggs and young fish in her mouth for protection. The breeding season typically occurs during the warmer months.

Economic importance

Nile tilapia is one of the most important fish species in aquaculture due to its fast growth rate, adaptability to a wide range of environmental conditions, and high market demand. It is farmed in many countries, including China, Egypt, and the Philippines.

Conservation status

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has not evaluated the conservation status of Nile tilapia. However, in areas where it has been introduced, it can outcompete native fish species and alter local ecosystems.

See also

• Aquaculture
• Tilapia
• Fish farming