Organelles

Organelles are specialized structures within the cell that work together to help the cell function. They are found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

Structure and Function

Organelles are embedded within the Cytoplasm of the cell, each performing a unique function. They are separated from the rest of the cytoplasm by a lipid bilayer membrane, similar to the cell's outer membrane.

Some of the key organelles include:

• Nucleus: The nucleus is the control center of the cell, housing the cell's DNA and directing the synthesis of proteins and ribosomes.

• Mitochondria: These are the powerhouses of the cell, producing energy through the process of cellular respiration.

• Endoplasmic reticulum: This organelle plays a key role in the synthesis of proteins and lipids.

• Golgi apparatus: The Golgi apparatus packages proteins for transport out of the cell.

• Lysosomes: These organelles contain enzymes to digest waste materials and cellular debris.

• Peroxisomes: Peroxisomes are involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and the detoxification of harmful substances.

History

The concept of organelles has been around since the late 19th century, but the term "organelle" was not coined until the early 20th century by the French biologist Albert Claude. The study of organelles has been central to our understanding of cell biology and disease.

See also

• Cell
• Cell biology
• Cell membrane
• Cytoskeleton
• Vacuole

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