Organic molecule

Organic molecule

An organic molecule is a molecule that contains carbon atoms, usually bonded to hydrogen atoms. While many organic molecules are biologically active, there are also inorganic carbon-containing compounds. Organic molecules are the basis for all life on Earth, and their study is a central part of organic chemistry.

Structure and properties

Organic molecules are characterized by the presence of carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen atoms. Carbon's ability to form stable bonds with four other atoms, including other carbon atoms, allows it to form a wide variety of structures, from simple hydrocarbons to complex polymers and biological macromolecules. The properties of organic molecules depend on their structure, and they can exhibit a wide range of physical and chemical behavior.

Classification

Organic molecules can be classified in several ways, including by the functional groups they contain, their structure, or their biological function. Common classes of organic molecules include hydrocarbons, alcohols, amines, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters.

Biological role

Organic molecules play a crucial role in the structure and function of living organisms. They are the building blocks of proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, which are essential for life. Organic molecules also serve as energy sources and signaling molecules.

Organic chemistry

The study of organic molecules and their reactions is the focus of organic chemistry. Organic chemists use a variety of techniques to synthesize and characterize organic compounds and to study their behavior in chemical reactions.

See also

• Inorganic compound
• Biochemistry
• Molecular biology
• Chemical compound

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