Orthognatic surgery

Orthognathic surgery, also known as corrective jaw surgery, is a range of surgical procedures designed to correct conditions of the jaw and face related to structure, growth, sleep apnea, TMJ disorders, malocclusion problems owing to skeletal disharmonies, or other orthodontic problems that cannot be easily treated with braces. Originally coined from the Greek words ortho, meaning "straight", and gnathic, meaning "jaw", orthognathic surgery aims to achieve both aesthetic and functional improvements.

Indications

Orthognathic surgery is indicated for patients with significant skeletal discrepancies which contribute to functional and aesthetic issues. These discrepancies might include but are not limited to:

• Malocclusion or misalignment of the teeth not amenable to orthodontic treatment alone.
• Disproportionate jaw growth, leading to difficulty chewing, speaking, or other oral health issues.
• Sleep Apnea where alterations in the structure of the jaw can improve airway patency.
• TMJ (Temporomandibular Joint) disorders that are associated with structural abnormalities of the jaw.
• Facial asymmetry or deformities resulting from congenital conditions, trauma, or disease.

Procedure

Orthognathic surgery involves a collaborative approach between an Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon and an Orthodontist. The process typically includes:

1. Pre-surgical orthodontics to align the teeth in preparation for surgery.
2. Surgical intervention to correct the jaw discrepancy. This can involve one or both jaws and includes cutting the bone, moving it to the correct position, and securing it with plates and screws.
3. Post-surgical orthodontics to fine-tune the bite and ensure proper alignment.

Recovery

Recovery from orthognathic surgery varies depending on the complexity of the procedure and the individual patient. Initial healing typically occurs within six weeks, but complete healing of the bones may take up to 12 months. Patients may experience swelling, bruising, pain, and limited jaw mobility during the initial recovery phase. A diet of soft foods is recommended during the early recovery period.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, orthognathic surgery carries risks and potential complications. These may include:

• Infection
• Blood loss
• Nerve injury, potentially leading to numbness or loss of sensation
• Relapse of the jaw position
• Need for further surgery

Conclusion

Orthognathic surgery can significantly improve the quality of life for individuals with jaw and facial discrepancies. It not only enhances facial aesthetics but also improves functionality, leading to better chewing, breathing, and speaking. Patients considering orthognathic surgery should consult with a qualified oral and maxillofacial surgeon and an orthodontist to discuss the potential benefits and risks.