Ostium primum

Ostium primum is a medical term referring to a type of atrial septal defect (ASD), which is a congenital heart defect. This condition is characterized by an opening in the lower part of the atrial septum, the wall that separates the two upper chambers of the heart, the atria.

Etiology

The exact cause of ostium primum is unknown, but it is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It is often associated with Down syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities.

Pathophysiology

In a normal heart, the atrial septum completely separates the left and right atria. However, in ostium primum, a hole in the lower part of this wall allows blood to flow freely between the two chambers. This can lead to an overload of blood in the right side of the heart and the lungs, causing symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and heart palpitations.

Diagnosis

Ostium primum is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, echocardiography, and cardiac catheterization. The condition can often be detected during pregnancy through a fetal echocardiogram.

Treatment

Treatment for ostium primum depends on the size of the defect and the severity of symptoms. Small defects may close on their own and require no treatment. Larger defects typically require surgical repair, either through open-heart surgery or a less invasive procedure using a catheter.

Prognosis

With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, most individuals with ostium primum can lead normal, healthy lives. However, untreated ostium primum can lead to serious complications, including heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and arrhythmias.

See also

• Atrial septal defect
• Congenital heart defect
• Down syndrome