Ottoman architecture

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Ottoman architecture refers to the architectural style that developed under the Ottoman Empire from the 14th to the early 20th centuries. This style is characterized by its grandiose structures, intricate designs, and the synthesis of various architectural traditions, including Byzantine architecture, Islamic architecture, and Persian architecture.

History

Ottoman architecture began to take shape in the early 14th century, following the establishment of the Ottoman state in northwestern Anatolia. The early period saw the construction of simple, functional buildings, but as the empire expanded, so did the complexity and grandeur of its architecture.

Early Period

The early period of Ottoman architecture (14th-15th centuries) was marked by the construction of mosques, madrasas, and other public buildings. Notable examples from this period include the Ulu Cami (Grand Mosque) in Bursa and the Green Mosque in Iznik.

Classical Period

The classical period (16th-17th centuries) is often considered the zenith of Ottoman architecture. This era was dominated by the works of the master architect Mimar Sinan, who designed some of the most iconic structures of the empire, including the Süleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul and the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne.

Late Period

The late period (18th-early 20th centuries) saw a gradual decline in the traditional Ottoman architectural style, influenced by European Baroque and Rococo styles. Notable examples from this period include the Nuruosmaniye Mosque and the Dolmabahçe Palace.

Key Features

Ottoman architecture is known for several distinctive features:

• Domes: Large central domes, often surrounded by smaller semi-domes, are a hallmark of Ottoman mosques.
• Minarets: Tall, slender minarets with multiple balconies are a common feature.
• Courtyards: Many Ottoman buildings, especially mosques, include large courtyards.
• Iznik tiles: The use of colorful Iznik tiles for decoration is widespread.
• Calligraphy and geometric patterns: Intricate calligraphy and geometric designs adorn many structures.

Notable Structures

• Hagia Sophia (converted into a mosque during the Ottoman period)
• Topkapi Palace
• Blue Mosque
• Rüstem Pasha Mosque
• Yeni Mosque

Influence

Ottoman architecture has had a lasting impact on the architectural traditions of the regions once under Ottoman control. Its influence can be seen in the architecture of modern-day Turkey, the Balkans, and parts of the Middle East.

Related Pages

• Ottoman Empire
• Mimar Sinan
• Islamic architecture
• Byzantine architecture
• Persian architecture