Ovarian clear-cell carcinoma

Ovarian Clear-Cell Carcinoma

Ovarian clear-cell carcinoma under very high magnification

Ovarian clear-cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a distinct subtype of ovarian cancer characterized by the presence of clear cells. It is known for its unique histological features and clinical behavior. OCCC accounts for approximately 5-10% of all ovarian carcinomas and is often associated with endometriosis.

Histopathology

Ovarian clear-cell carcinoma is histologically characterized by large epithelial cells with abundant clear cytoplasm. These cells often form tubules, papillae, or solid sheets. The clear appearance of the cytoplasm is due to the presence of glycogen, which can be demonstrated using special stains such as PAS.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with OCCC typically present with symptoms similar to other forms of ovarian cancer, including abdominal pain, bloating, and ascites. However, OCCC is more likely to be diagnosed at an early stage compared to other ovarian carcinomas. This is partly due to its association with endometriosis, which can lead to earlier detection.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of ovarian clear-cell carcinoma is primarily based on histological examination of the tumor tissue obtained through biopsy or surgical resection. Imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI may be used to assess the extent of the disease.

Treatment

The treatment of OCCC typically involves a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. Surgical management includes hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and omentectomy. Chemotherapy regimens often include platinum-based agents such as cisplatin or carboplatin, often in combination with paclitaxel.

Prognosis

The prognosis for patients with ovarian clear-cell carcinoma is generally poorer than for those with other types of epithelial ovarian cancer. This is due to its relative resistance to conventional chemotherapy and a higher likelihood of recurrence. However, early-stage OCCC has a better prognosis compared to advanced-stage disease.

Research and Future Directions

Research into ovarian clear-cell carcinoma is ongoing, with studies focusing on the molecular and genetic characteristics of the disease. Targeted therapies and immunotherapies are being explored as potential treatment options. Understanding the role of endometriosis in the pathogenesis of OCCC is also an area of active investigation.

Related Pages

• Ovarian cancer
• Endometriosis
• Histopathology
• Chemotherapy