Oxalobacter formigenes

Oxalobacter formigenes is a Gram-negative, anaerobic, oxalate-degrading bacteria that is found in the human gastrointestinal tract. It is known for its role in the prevention of kidney stones and other oxalate-related diseases.

Biology and Characteristics

Oxalobacter formigenes is a specialist bacterium that relies on oxalate as a major source of energy. It is unique among gut bacteria due to its ability to degrade oxalate completely for its energy needs. The bacterium uses an oxalate:formate antiporter to transport oxalate into the cell, where it is then metabolized to formate and carbon dioxide.

Role in Human Health

Oxalobacter formigenes has been associated with a decreased risk of recurrent kidney stones. This is due to its ability to degrade dietary oxalate, thereby reducing the amount of oxalate available for absorption in the gut and subsequent excretion in the urine.

In addition to kidney stones, Oxalobacter formigenes may also play a role in preventing other oxalate-related diseases, such as primary hyperoxaluria and enteric hyperoxaluria.

Clinical Significance

The potential of Oxalobacter formigenes as a probiotic for the prevention of kidney stones is currently being explored. Several studies have shown that oral administration of the bacterium can successfully colonize the gut and reduce urinary oxalate excretion. However, more research is needed to determine the optimal dosage and administration method, as well as the long-term safety and efficacy of this treatment approach.

See Also

• Kidney stone
• Probiotic
• Human gastrointestinal tract
• Primary hyperoxaluria
• Enteric hyperoxaluria