Oxalyldiaminopropionic acid

Beta-oxalylamino-L-alanine

Oxalyldiaminopropionic acid (ODAP) is a neurotoxic amino acid found in certain legumes, most notably in the seeds of the Lathyrus sativus plant, commonly known as the grass pea. ODAP is known for its association with a neurological disorder called neurolathyrism, which can cause paralysis and muscle weakness.

Chemical Structure and Properties

ODAP is an analog of the amino acid glutamic acid. Its chemical structure includes an oxalyl group attached to the amino acid diaminopropionic acid. The molecular formula of ODAP is C5H8N2O5.

Sources

ODAP is primarily found in the seeds of the Lathyrus sativus plant. This plant is cultivated in various parts of the world, especially in regions prone to drought and famine, due to its resistance to harsh environmental conditions.

Toxicity

The consumption of ODAP in large quantities can lead to neurolathyrism, a condition characterized by spastic paralysis of the lower limbs. This condition is particularly prevalent in areas where Lathyrus sativus is a major part of the diet, especially during times of food scarcity.

Mechanism of Action

ODAP acts as an excitotoxin, which means it can overstimulate neurons, leading to cell damage and death. It is believed to interfere with the normal functioning of glutamate receptors in the nervous system, which are crucial for synaptic transmission and plasticity.

Prevention and Treatment

Preventing neurolathyrism involves reducing the intake of ODAP-containing foods. This can be achieved through dietary diversification and the development of low-ODAP varieties of Lathyrus sativus. There is currently no specific treatment for neurolathyrism, and management focuses on supportive care and rehabilitation.

Related Pages

• Lathyrus sativus
• Neurolathyrism
• Glutamic acid
• Excitotoxin
• Glutamate receptor