P2RX1

P2RX1 or P2X purinoceptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the P2RX1 gene. It is a member of the P2X receptor family, a group of ATP-gated ion channels that play a role in various physiological processes, including inflammation, pain perception, and neurotransmission.

Structure

The P2RX1 protein is a trimeric, non-selective cation channel that opens in response to the binding of extracellular ATP. Each subunit of the trimer is composed of two transmembrane domains, with both the N- and C-termini located intracellularly. The ATP-binding site is located in the large extracellular loop.

Function

P2RX1 receptors are found in a variety of tissues, including smooth muscle, where they mediate contraction. They are also present in platelets, where they contribute to clot formation by promoting platelet aggregation. In the nervous system, P2RX1 receptors are involved in the transmission of nociceptive signals.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the P2RX1 gene have been associated with a variety of disorders, including chronic pain conditions and certain cardiovascular diseases. In addition, the P2RX1 receptor has been implicated in the progression of some cancers, making it a potential target for therapeutic intervention.

See also

• P2X receptor
• ATP-gated ion channel
• Purinergic signalling