P2RX5

P2RX5 is a gene that encodes the protein P2X purinoceptor 5 in humans. The protein is a member of the purinergic receptor family, a group of proteins that are sensitive to adenosine and ATP.

Function

The P2X receptors are a family of ligand-gated ion channels that allow the flow of cations across the cell membrane. These receptors are activated by the binding of ATP and are involved in a variety of physiological processes, including synaptic transmission, inflammation, and sensory transduction. The P2RX5 gene encodes a member of this family, the P2X5 receptor.

Structure

The P2X5 receptor is a trimeric ion channel, meaning it is composed of three subunits. Each subunit has two transmembrane domains, with both the N- and C-termini located intracellularly. The extracellular loop between the two transmembrane domains is where ATP binds to activate the receptor.

Expression

P2RX5 is expressed in a variety of tissues, including the immune, nervous, and reproductive systems. Within the immune system, P2RX5 is found on T cells, B cells, and macrophages, where it plays a role in immune response. In the nervous system, P2RX5 is involved in neurotransmission.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the P2RX5 gene have been associated with certain medical conditions. For example, a loss of function mutation in P2RX5 can lead to impaired immune response, as the receptor plays a crucial role in the activation of immune cells. Additionally, overexpression of P2RX5 has been observed in certain types of cancer, suggesting a potential role in tumorigenesis.

See also

• P2X receptor
• ATP
• Ion channel
• Immune system
• Nervous system
• Reproductive system