PEG 400

Polyethylene Glycol 400 (PEG 400) is a low-molecular-weight grade of polyethylene glycol. It is a clear, colorless, viscous liquid. Due to its low toxicity and its ability to be dissolved in water, PEG 400 is widely used in a variety of pharmaceutical formulations.

Properties

PEG 400 is known for its excellent solvency and lubricating properties, making it a popular choice in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and industrial fields. Its molecular weight is nominally 400 g/mol, which allows it to be liquid at room temperature.

Applications

Pharmaceutical Applications

In the pharmaceutical industry, PEG 400 is used as a solvent, plasticizer, and humectant. It is often found in oral liquids, ophthalmic solutions, and topical ointments. Due to its ability to enhance the solubility of many drugs, it is used in drug formulations to increase bioavailability.

Cosmetic Applications

In cosmetics, PEG 400 serves as a base for various skin care products. It is used to improve skin absorption of the product and to increase the solubility of active ingredients. It is also a common ingredient in hair care products, where it functions as a conditioner and moisturizer.

Industrial Applications

Beyond its medical and cosmetic applications, PEG 400 is used in several industrial processes. It acts as a lubricant in metalworking fluids and is a component in ink formulations due to its solvency properties.

Safety and Regulatory Status

PEG 400 is considered to have a low level of toxicity and is generally regarded as safe when used appropriately. However, like all chemicals, it should be handled with care, and safety data sheets (SDS) should be consulted for handling and storage guidelines.

Environmental Impact

As a synthetic compound, the environmental impact of PEG 400 depends on its usage and disposal. It is biodegradable under aerobic conditions, but its persistence in the environment can vary based on conditions.