PER2

PER2 is a gene that encodes a protein, Period Circadian Regulator 2, which is a key component in the circadian rhythm of the body. This rhythm is an internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and repeats roughly every 24 hours. It can refer to any biological process that displays an endogenous, entrainable oscillation of about 24 hours.

Function

The PER2 gene is a member of the Period family of genes and is expressed in a circadian pattern in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the primary circadian pacemaker in the mammalian brain. Genes in this family encode components of the transcriptional and translational feedback loop, which generates rhythmic gene expression in many body tissues. This protein accumulates in the cell nucleus until it reaches a threshold level, whereupon it translocates to the cytoplasm and promotes its own degradation.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the PER2 gene have been linked to circadian rhythm sleep disorders, seasonal affective disorder, and familial advanced sleep phase syndrome. In addition, alterations in the PER2 gene have been associated with several forms of cancer, including breast cancer and prostate cancer.

Research

Research on the PER2 gene has provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms and their impact on human health. Studies have shown that PER2 plays a crucial role in the synchronization of circadian rhythms in different tissues and organs.

See also

• Circadian rhythm
• Suprachiasmatic nucleus
• Transcription (biology)
• Translation (biology)
• Circadian rhythm sleep disorders
• Seasonal affective disorder
• Familial advanced sleep phase syndrome
• Breast cancer
• Prostate cancer