PTPRC

PTPRC (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Receptor Type C) is a gene that encodes a protein known as CD45. This protein is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family, which is significant for cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation.

Function

The PTPRC gene provides instructions for making a protein called CD45, which is found on the surface of white blood cells. CD45 is involved in the development and function of several types of immune cells, including T cells and B cells. It plays a crucial role in lymphocyte activation and survival, acting as a regulator of multiple signaling pathways.

Clinical Significance

Mutations in the PTPRC gene have been associated with multiple autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. The protein encoded by this gene is also linked to leukemia, as it is commonly overexpressed in patients with lymphoid malignancies.

Structure

The CD45 protein is a type I transmembrane protein that possesses two intracellular phosphatase domains, one of which has enzymatic activity, and an extracellular domain. The extracellular domain is heavily glycosylated, which is important for the protein's function.

Interactions

PTPRC has been shown to interact with GRB2, LCK, and FYN.

See Also

• Cluster of differentiation
• Protein tyrosine phosphatase
• Autoimmune disease