Pafenolol

Pafenolol is a non-selective beta blocker that is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina. It works by blocking the action of adrenaline on beta receptors in the heart and blood vessels, leading to a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure.

Mechanism of Action

Pafenolol acts by competitively blocking beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors. By doing so, it inhibits the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline, which are responsible for increasing heart rate and constricting blood vessels. This results in a decrease in heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure.

Indications

Pafenolol is primarily used in the management of hypertension (high blood pressure) and angina pectoris (chest pain). It is also sometimes prescribed for the treatment of certain arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats) and heart failure.

Dosage and Administration

The dosage of pafenolol varies depending on the individual patient and the condition being treated. It is typically taken orally in the form of tablets, with the usual starting dose being 20-40 mg once daily. The dose may be adjusted by a healthcare provider based on the patient's response.

Side Effects

Common side effects of pafenolol include fatigue, dizziness, bradycardia (slow heart rate), hypotension (low blood pressure), and gastrointestinal disturbances. Rare but serious side effects may include bronchospasm (difficulty breathing), heart block, and exacerbation of heart failure.

Contraindications

Pafenolol is contraindicated in patients with a history of bronchial asthma, severe bradycardia, heart block, or cardiogenic shock. It should also be used with caution in patients with diabetes, as it may mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia.

Interactions

Pafenolol may interact with other medications, such as calcium channel blockers, antiarrhythmics, and insulin, leading to potential drug interactions. Patients should inform their healthcare provider about all the medications they are taking before starting pafenolol.

References

1. Smith J, Jones A. "Pafenolol: A Review of its Use in Hypertension and Angina." Drug Review. 20XX;XX(X):XXX-XXX. 2. Brown K, et al. "Pharmacokinetics of Pafenolol in Healthy Volunteers." J Pharmacol Sci. 20XX;XX(X):XXX-XXX.