Paphies ventricosa

Species of large edible marine bivalve mollusc

Paphies ventricosa, commonly known as the toheroa, is a large edible marine bivalve mollusc in the family Mesodesmatidae. This species is endemic to New Zealand and is highly valued for its culinary uses and cultural significance.

Description

Toheroa at Oreti Beach

Paphies ventricosa has a robust, wedge-shaped shell that can grow up to 15 cm in length. The shell is typically a pale greenish color, with a smooth surface and fine concentric growth lines. The interior of the shell is white, and the hinge is equipped with strong teeth that help keep the shell closed tightly.

Habitat

Paphies ventricosa is found in the intertidal zone of sandy beaches, where it burrows into the sand. It prefers beaches with strong surf, which helps to oxygenate the water and bring in food particles. The toheroa is most commonly found on the west coast of the North Island, particularly in areas such as Ninety Mile Beach, Dargaville, and Muriwai Beach.

Life Cycle

The life cycle of Paphies ventricosa includes a planktonic larval stage, during which the larvae are carried by ocean currents. After settling on the sandy substrate, the young clams burrow into the sand and begin their benthic life. Toheroa can live for several years, reaching maturity at around 3 to 4 years of age.

Culinary Uses

Canned toheroa soup

Toheroa has been traditionally harvested by the Māori people and is considered a delicacy. The flesh of the toheroa is used to make a rich, creamy soup, which is highly prized. Canned toheroa soup was once a popular product in New Zealand, although commercial harvesting has been heavily restricted due to declining populations.

Conservation

The toheroa population has been in decline due to overharvesting, habitat destruction, and environmental changes. As a result, strict regulations have been put in place to protect this species. Recreational and commercial harvesting of toheroa is prohibited, and only limited customary harvesting by Māori is allowed under special permits.

Cultural Significance

Toheroa holds significant cultural value for the Māori, who have traditionally gathered these shellfish for food and ceremonial purposes. The decline in toheroa populations has impacted cultural practices, leading to efforts to restore and conserve this important species.

Related Pages

• Bivalvia
• Mollusca
• Endemic species
• New Zealand cuisine