Papilio glaucus

Papilio glaucus, commonly known as the Eastern Tiger Swallowtail, is a species of butterfly belonging to the family Papilionidae. It is native to North America, where it is widespread and can be found in a variety of habitats, including deciduous woods, forest edges, meadows, and even urban areas. The species is notable for its striking coloration and large size, making it one of the most recognizable butterflies in its range.

Description

The adult Eastern Tiger Swallowtail has distinctive yellow and black striped markings on its wings, which span approximately 4 to 5 inches (10 to 13 cm). Males have a more vibrant yellow color, while females can be found in two forms: the yellow morph, similar to males, and a darker, black form which mimics the toxic Black Swallowtail as a form of protective mimicry. Both sexes have elongated tail-like extensions on their hindwings, resembling a swallow's tail, which is a characteristic feature of the swallowtail family.

Life Cycle

The life cycle of Papilio glaucus includes several stages: egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa (chrysalis), and adult (butterfly). Females lay their eggs singly on the leaves of host plants, including species of Magnoliaceae, Rosaceae, and Lauraceae families. The caterpillar is initially brown and white; as it matures, it becomes green with two black, yellow, and blue eyespots on its thorax, mimicking a snake's head to deter predators. The chrysalis varies in color, blending with its surroundings, and can overwinter in this stage in colder climates.

Habitat and Distribution

Papilio glaucus is found throughout the eastern United States, from New England to the Gulf Coast, and westward to the Great Plains. It prefers open areas with abundant flowers for nectar and host plants for caterpillar feeding. The butterfly is a strong flier and can cover large distances, which contributes to its wide distribution.

Conservation Status

Currently, Papilio glaucus does not face any significant threats and is classified as Least Concern by conservation organizations. Its adaptability to different habitats, including urban and suburban areas, has helped maintain stable populations. However, habitat destruction and the use of pesticides can impact local populations, highlighting the importance of conservation efforts to preserve butterfly habitats.

In Culture

The Eastern Tiger Swallowtail is the state butterfly of several U.S. states, including Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina. It is admired for its beauty and is a popular subject in art and photography. The butterfly also plays a role in education, serving as an example of mimicry and adaptation in nature.

See Also

• Butterflies
• Mimicry
• Conservation status