Paracoccidioides lutzii

Species of fungus

Paracoccidioides lutzii is a species of fungus in the genus Paracoccidioides, which is known to cause the systemic mycosis known as paracoccidioidomycosis. This species was identified as distinct from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in 2009, based on genetic and morphological differences.

Morphology

Paracoccidioides lutzii exhibits dimorphic characteristics, meaning it can exist in two different forms depending on the environmental conditions. In the environment, it exists as a mold with septate hyphae, while in the host, it transforms into a yeast form. The yeast form is characterized by its multiple budding cells, which are often described as having a "pilot wheel" appearance.

Pathogenicity

Paracoccidioides lutzii is a pathogenic fungus that causes paracoccidioidomycosis, a disease endemic to certain regions of South America, particularly in Brazil. The infection primarily affects the lungs but can disseminate to other organs, including the skin, lymph nodes, and mucous membranes.

Paracoccidioidomycosis lesions

Epidemiology

The distribution of Paracoccidioides lutzii is primarily in the central-western regions of Brazil, where it is considered endemic. The fungus is found in soil, and infection occurs through the inhalation of airborne conidia. The disease is more prevalent in rural areas, affecting individuals who work in agriculture or are exposed to disturbed soil.

Clinical Manifestations

The clinical manifestations of paracoccidioidomycosis caused by P. lutzii can vary from asymptomatic to severe systemic disease. Common symptoms include cough, fever, weight loss, and fatigue. Cutaneous lesions and mucosal involvement are also frequent, as depicted in the image of paracoccidioidomycosis lesions.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of infection with Paracoccidioides lutzii involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Microscopic examination of clinical specimens can reveal the characteristic yeast forms. Culture and molecular techniques, such as PCR, are used to confirm the species.

Treatment

The treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis involves the use of antifungal medications. Itraconazole is commonly used for mild to moderate cases, while amphotericin B may be required for severe or disseminated infections. Treatment duration can be prolonged, often lasting several months to ensure complete resolution of the infection.

Prevention

Preventive measures for paracoccidioidomycosis focus on reducing exposure to the fungus, particularly in endemic areas. This includes wearing protective masks and clothing when working in environments where the fungus is likely to be present.

Related pages

• Paracoccidioidomycosis
• Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
• Systemic mycosis