Paramedics in the United States

Paramedics in the United States are healthcare professionals who provide advanced emergency medical care for critical and emergent patients who access the emergency medical system. Not to be confused with Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs), paramedics are equipped with the skills to perform a wider range of medical procedures and have a more comprehensive understanding of pathophysiology.

History

The concept of paramedicine grew out of the need for a more sophisticated approach to out-of-hospital medical care, which was highlighted by the 1966 National Academy of Sciences report titled "Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society." This report, often referred to as the "White Paper," called attention to the inadequacies of pre-hospital care at the time and set the stage for the development of the paramedic profession.

Education and Training

Paramedic training in the United States varies by state but generally includes a rigorous course of study that can last from 1,200 to 1,800 hours and may result in an associate degree. Training programs are offered by community colleges, technical schools, and some universities, as well as through hospital-based programs. Coursework includes anatomy and physiology, cardiology, medications, medical procedures, emergency vehicle operation, and patient assessment. Clinical rotations in hospitals and ambulance services are also required, providing hands-on experience in a variety of settings.

Certification

Upon completion of a paramedic program, candidates must pass the National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT) paramedic examination to become certified. This certification is recognized in most states. However, each state has its own licensure requirements, and some may require additional examinations or certifications.

Scope of Practice

The scope of practice for paramedics in the United States includes advanced airway management, drug administration, intravenous therapy, reading electrocardiograms (ECGs), and performing other procedures that EMTs are not authorized to perform. Paramedics work under the direction of a medical director and operate according to protocols that define their scope of practice within their jurisdiction.

Employment

Paramedics are employed in a variety of settings, including ambulance services, fire departments, hospitals, and specialized response teams. They may also work in roles that do not involve patient care, such as education, administration, and research.

Challenges and Outlook

The paramedic profession faces several challenges, including occupational stress, physical demands, and the risk of injury. Despite these challenges, the demand for paramedics is expected to grow, driven by the aging population and the increasing call for emergency services.

See Also

• Emergency Medical Services
• Emergency Medical Technician
• Pre-hospital care
• Advanced Life Support