Pararectal fossa

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Pararectal fossa

The pararectal fossa is an anatomical structure located in the pelvic region. It is a peritoneal recess found on either side of the rectum. The pararectal fossae are important in the context of pelvic anatomy and are relevant in various medical and surgical procedures.

Anatomy

The pararectal fossa is formed by the peritoneum, which is a serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity. It is situated lateral to the rectum and is bounded by the sacrum posteriorly and the uterus or prostate anteriorly, depending on the sex of the individual. The fossae are more prominent in females due to the presence of the uterus.

Clinical Significance

The pararectal fossae are significant in the context of pelvic surgery and gynecology. They are often examined during procedures such as laparoscopy and laparotomy to assess for any abnormalities or pathologies. Conditions such as endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and rectal cancer can involve the pararectal fossae.

Related Structures

The pararectal fossa is closely related to several other anatomical structures in the pelvis, including:

• Rectouterine pouch (also known as the pouch of Douglas)
• Rectovesical pouch
• Uterosacral ligament
• Pelvic floor

Pathology

Pathological conditions that can affect the pararectal fossa include:

• Abscess formation
• Endometriosis
• Pelvic inflammatory disease
• Rectal cancer

Surgical Considerations

During pelvic surgeries, the pararectal fossae are often explored to ensure there are no hidden pathologies. Surgeons must be cautious of the nearby structures such as the ureters and the hypogastric plexus to avoid complications.

See Also

• Pelvic anatomy
• Peritoneum
• Rectum
• Laparoscopy
• Endometriosis