Parasitic plant

Parasitic plants are a type of plant that derive some or all of their nutritional requirements from another living plant. They make up about 1% of angiosperms and are in almost every biome in the world. All parasitic plants have modified roots, called haustoria, which penetrate the host plant, connecting them to the conductive system - either the xylem, the phloem, or both.

Classification

Parasitic plants are classified into two groups based on the location of the haustoria: stem parasites and root parasites. Stem parasites, such as Cuscuta and Cassytha, are usually found in the tropics and have haustoria that penetrate the stem of the host plant. Root parasites, such as Orobanche and Striga, are found worldwide and have haustoria that penetrate the roots of the host plant.

Life Cycle

The life cycle of a parasitic plant is similar to that of other plants, with a few key differences. The seed of a parasitic plant is often small and lightweight, allowing it to be easily dispersed by wind or animals. Once the seed lands on a suitable host, it germinates and the haustorium penetrates the host plant. The parasitic plant then begins to absorb nutrients from the host, growing and eventually producing its own seeds.

Impact on Agriculture

Parasitic plants can have a significant impact on agriculture, particularly in developing countries. They can reduce crop yields, cause crop failure, and increase the cost of farming. Some parasitic plants, such as Striga, are considered major pests in Africa, causing significant damage to crops such as maize and sorghum.

Control Methods

Control methods for parasitic plants include cultural practices, chemical control, and biological control. Cultural practices include crop rotation and the use of resistant varieties. Chemical control involves the use of herbicides, while biological control involves the use of natural enemies of the parasitic plant.

See Also

• Mistletoe
• Dodder
• Broomrape
• Witchweed