Parotid glands

Parotid gland is the largest of the salivary glands. It is found in humans and most other mammals, located bilaterally in the cheek, in front of the ear, and extending to the space below the ear. The gland secretes saliva through the parotid duct into the mouth, to facilitate mastication and swallowing and to begin the digestion of starches.

Anatomy

The parotid gland is wrapped around the mandibular ramus, and secretes saliva through the parotid duct (Stensen duct) which opens into the mouth at the level of the upper second molar. The gland is divided into two lobes by the facial nerve. The superficial lobe is located externally, while the deep lobe is located internally to the nerve.

Function

The primary function of the parotid gland is the production of saliva. This saliva is serous in nature and contains a high concentration of salivary amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose and dextrin.

Clinical significance

Diseases of the parotid gland can result in considerable discomfort and can also affect the function of the mouth and face. These include parotitis, Sjögren's syndrome, and parotid tumors. Parotid gland swelling can also occur with alcoholism.

See also

• Salivary gland
• Submandibular gland
• Sublingual gland