Pascalization

Pascalization, also known as High Pressure Processing (HPP) or High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP), is a method of preserving and sterilizing food, in which a product is processed under very high pressure, leading to the inactivation of certain microorganisms and enzymes in the food. The technique is named after Blaise Pascal, the French scientist who discovered the principle that pressure applied to a fluid in a closed system is transmitted equally throughout the fluid.

History

The concept of Pascalization was first developed in the late 19th century, but it wasn't until the 1990s that the technology was commercially applied to food products. The first commercial use of HPP was in Japan in 1990, where it was used to process fruit jellies.

Process

In Pascalization, food is placed in a pressure vessel and subjected to high levels of hydrostatic pressure (between 100 and 800 MPa). This pressure is maintained for a certain amount of time, usually between a few seconds to several minutes. The process can be conducted at or near room temperature, making it a form of cold pasteurization.

Applications

Pascalization is used in the food industry to extend the shelf life of products and to maintain their original quality. It is particularly effective for foods with a high water activity, such as fresh meats, fruit juices, and ready-to-eat meals. The process does not affect the taste, texture, or nutritional value of the food, making it a preferred method of preservation for many manufacturers.

Advantages and Disadvantages

The main advantage of Pascalization is that it can effectively kill harmful bacteria and other microorganisms without the use of heat or chemicals. This makes it a more natural and environmentally friendly method of food preservation. However, the process is not effective against all types of bacteria, and some may be able to survive the high pressure. Additionally, the high cost of the equipment and the energy required for the process can be prohibitive for some food manufacturers.

See Also

• Food preservation
• Pasteurization
• Cold pasteurization