Pathologic gambling

Pathologic Gambling (also known as Compulsive Gambling or Gambling Disorder) is a mental health disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to gamble, despite the negative impact it may have on one's life. It is classified under the category of Addiction and Substance Use Disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5).

Definition

Pathologic gambling is defined by a persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior leading to clinically significant impairment or distress. The individual with this disorder is often preoccupied with gambling, may lie to conceal the extent of involvement, and may continue gambling despite significant negative consequences.

Symptoms

The DSM-5 outlines several criteria for the diagnosis of pathologic gambling, including a need to gamble with increasing amounts of money to achieve the desired excitement, restlessness or irritability when attempting to cut down or stop gambling, and repeated unsuccessful efforts to control, cut back, or stop gambling. Other symptoms include frequent thoughts about gambling, often gambling when feeling distressed, and jeopardizing or losing significant relationships, jobs, or educational or career opportunities because of gambling.

Causes

The exact cause of pathologic gambling is unknown, but it is believed to result from a combination of biological, genetic, and environmental factors. Changes in the brain's neurotransmitter systems, particularly those involved in reward and pleasure, may contribute to compulsive behaviors, including gambling.

Treatment

Treatment for pathologic gambling may involve a combination of therapeutic approaches, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), medication, and self-help or support groups. CBT focuses on changing unhealthy gambling behaviors and thoughts, such as rationalizations and false beliefs. Medications, such as antidepressants and mood stabilizers, may be used to treat co-occurring conditions or symptoms related to gambling disorder.

Impact

The impact of pathologic gambling can be severe, with individuals experiencing significant financial debt, legal problems, loss of employment, and deterioration of personal relationships. It is also associated with a high rate of suicide.

Prevention

Prevention of pathologic gambling involves early education about the risks, promoting healthy and alternative hobbies or ways to cope with stress, and interventions to increase resilience and reduce the risk of developing addictive behaviors.