Perchloric acid

Perchloric acid is a mineral acid with the formula HClO_4. It is a colorless liquid that is usually encountered as an aqueous solution. This compound is a stronger acid than sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid. It is a powerful oxidizer when hot, but its aqueous solutions up to approximately 70% by weight at room temperature are generally safe, only showing strong acid properties and no oxidizing properties.

Properties

Perchloric acid is a highly corrosive substance and a strong oxidizing agent. It is highly reactive with organic materials and can cause explosions if not handled properly. The acid is hygroscopic and can form explosive mixtures with combustible materials.

Production

Perchloric acid is typically produced by treating sodium perchlorate or ammonium perchlorate with hydrochloric acid. The reaction yields perchloric acid and a corresponding salt.

Uses

Perchloric acid is used in a variety of applications:

• As a precursor for ammonium perchlorate, which is used in rocket fuel.
• In analytical chemistry for preparing perchlorate salts.
• As a strong acid in acid-base titrations.
• In the production of explosives and pyrotechnics.

Safety

Due to its highly corrosive nature and strong oxidizing properties, perchloric acid must be handled with extreme care. It can cause severe burns upon contact with skin and can be fatal if ingested. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and lab coats should be worn when handling this substance.

Related Pages

• Sulfuric acid
• Nitric acid
• Hydrochloric acid
• Oxidizing agent
• Ammonium perchlorate
• Rocket fuel
• Acid-base titration
• Explosives
• Pyrotechnics