Pericardial fluid

Pericardial fluid is a serous fluid secreted by the serous layer of the pericardium into the pericardial cavity. The pericardial fluid is similar in composition to the serous fluid in the pleura and peritoneum. It acts as a lubricant for the pericardial layers, reducing friction between the layers of tissue that line the heart and the surrounding pericardial sac.

Composition

The pericardial fluid is composed of serum (a component of blood), lymph, and secretions from the pericardial cells. It contains water, electrolytes, oxygen, and sugars, which provide nutrition to the heart. The fluid also contains white blood cells, which help fight infection.

Function

The primary function of the pericardial fluid is to reduce friction between the heart and the surrounding pericardial sac. This allows the heart to move and beat without causing damage or inflammation to the surrounding tissues. The fluid also provides nutrition to the heart and helps to fight infection.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in the amount or composition of pericardial fluid can lead to a number of medical conditions. For example, an excess of pericardial fluid (a condition known as pericardial effusion) can put pressure on the heart and affect its ability to pump blood. This can lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, and in severe cases, cardiac tamponade, a life-threatening condition.

On the other hand, a decrease in the amount of pericardial fluid (a condition known as pericardial tamponade) can cause the layers of the pericardium to rub against each other, leading to inflammation and pain.

See also

• Pericardium
• Pericardial effusion
• Cardiac tamponade

Pericardial fluid Resources
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