Persistent Fetal Vasculature

Persistent Fetal Vasculature (PFV), also known as Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous (PHPV), is a congenital developmental anomaly of the eye. It occurs due to the failure of the fetal hyaloid vascular system to regress, leading to various ocular abnormalities.

Pathophysiology

During normal fetal development, the hyaloid artery supplies blood to the developing lens and vitreous humor. This artery typically regresses before birth. In PFV, this regression does not occur, resulting in the persistence of the hyaloid artery and its associated structures. This can lead to a range of ocular issues, including cataracts, microphthalmia, and retinal detachment.

Clinical Presentation

PFV can present in various forms, ranging from mild to severe. Common symptoms include:

• Leukocoria (white pupillary reflex)
• Strabismus (misalignment of the eyes)
• Nystagmus (involuntary eye movement)
• Reduced visual acuity

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of PFV is typically made through a combination of clinical examination and imaging studies. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to visualize the persistent vascular structures and associated abnormalities.

Treatment

Treatment options for PFV depend on the severity of the condition. In mild cases, observation may be sufficient. In more severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove the persistent vascular tissue and address associated complications such as cataracts or retinal detachment. Early intervention is crucial to prevent long-term visual impairment.

Prognosis

The prognosis for PFV varies depending on the severity of the condition and the timing of intervention. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve visual outcomes, but severe cases may result in significant visual impairment or blindness.

Related Pages

• Congenital cataract
• Microphthalmia
• Retinal detachment
• Leukocoria
• Strabismus
• Nystagmus

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