Leukocoria

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Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Leukocoria
Leukocoria in a child with retinoblastoma
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Abnormal white reflection from the retina
Complications	Blindness, retinal detachment
Onset	Can be present at birth or develop later
Duration	Varies depending on underlying cause
Types	N/A
Causes	Retinoblastoma, congenital cataract, Coats' disease, persistent fetal vasculature, retinopathy of prematurity
Risks	Family history of retinoblastoma
Diagnosis	Ophthalmoscopy, ultrasound, CT scan, MRI
Differential diagnosis	Cataract, retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Depends on underlying cause; may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Varies; early detection and treatment improve outcomes
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Retinoblastoma

Leukocoria (also known as white pupillary reflex) is an abnormal white reflection from the retina of the eye. It is a medical sign for a number of conditions, primarily those affecting the retina or cornea, and is often detected in flash photography.

Causes

Leukocoria can be caused by a number of conditions, including:

• Retinoblastoma: A rare type of eye cancer that usually develops in early childhood, typically before the age of 5.
• Coats' disease: A rare condition characterized by abnormal development of the blood vessels in the retina.
• Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV): A rare condition in which the blood vessels and fibrous tissue behind the lens of the eye do not regress normally during fetal development.
• Cataract: A clouding of the lens in the eye that affects vision.
• Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP): A potentially blinding eye disorder that primarily affects premature infants.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of leukocoria is typically made through a comprehensive eye examination. This may include:

• Visual acuity test: This test measures how well the patient sees at various distances.
• Dilated eye exam: Drops are placed in the eyes to widen, or dilate, the pupils, allowing the doctor to examine the retina and optic nerve.
• Tonometry: An instrument measures the pressure inside the eye to check for glaucoma.

Treatment

Treatment for leukocoria depends on the underlying cause and may include surgery, chemotherapy, laser therapy, or cryotherapy.

See also

• Eye examination
• Pediatric ophthalmology
• Retinal diseases