Peruvian corn

Introduction

Peruvian corn, known in Peru as "choclo," is a large-kernel variety of corn (maize) that is native to the Andes region of South America. It is a staple food in Peru and is used in a variety of traditional dishes.

History

The cultivation of corn in Peru dates back to pre-Incan times. Archaeological evidence suggests that corn was grown in the region as early as 1200 BC. The Inca Empire, which ruled Peru from the 13th to the 16th centuries, relied heavily on corn for sustenance and used it in religious ceremonies.

Varieties

There are several varieties of Peruvian corn, each with its own unique characteristics. These include:

• Cusco corn: This variety is known for its large, white kernels. It is often used to make chicha, a traditional Peruvian corn beer.
• Morado corn: Also known as purple corn, this variety is used to make chicha morada, a sweet Peruvian beverage, and mazamorra morada, a type of pudding.
• Giant corn of Cusco: This variety has the largest kernels of any corn in the world. It is typically boiled or roasted and served as a snack.

Culinary Uses

Peruvian corn is used in a variety of traditional dishes. These include:

• Ceviche: This is a seafood dish that is often served with boiled Peruvian corn on the side.
• Tamales: Peruvian tamales are often made with a dough that is a mixture of cornmeal and lard, then filled with meats, cheese, or fruits.
• Humitas: This is a dish made from fresh corn and cheese, wrapped in corn husks and steamed.

Nutritional Value

Peruvian corn is a good source of dietary fiber and contains several vitamins and minerals, including vitamin C, magnesium, and potassium. It is also a good source of antioxidants, particularly in the purple variety.

Cultivation

Peruvian corn is typically planted in the spring and harvested in the fall. It requires a long growing season and does well in areas with a cool, dry climate.

Conclusion

Peruvian corn is a versatile and nutritious food that plays a central role in Peruvian cuisine. Its unique varieties and uses make it a fascinating subject of study for those interested in food and culture.