Peter Buck (anthropologist)

Peter Buck (Te Rangi Hīroa) (1877–1951) was a prominent New Zealand anthropologist, politician, and doctor. He made significant contributions to the study of Polynesian cultures and was one of the most distinguished Māori figures of his time. Buck's work in anthropology, particularly in the Pacific Islands, has left a lasting legacy, making him a key figure in the field.

Early Life

Peter Buck was born in Urenui, in the Taranaki region of New Zealand, to a Māori mother and an Irish father. His Māori name, Te Rangi Hīroa, translates to "The Long Heaven." From a young age, Buck was immersed in both Māori and European cultures, which would later influence his work in anthropology. He attended Te Aute College, where he excelled academically and developed a keen interest in the health and welfare of the Māori people.

Education and Medical Career

Buck pursued medical studies at the University of Otago, becoming one of the first Māori to earn a medical degree. After graduating, he worked as a doctor in New Zealand, focusing on improving health conditions for the Māori population. His medical work laid the foundation for his interest in anthropology, as he sought to understand the social and cultural factors affecting Māori health.

Political Career

In addition to his medical and anthropological work, Buck was also active in politics. He served as a member of the New Zealand Parliament, representing the Northern Māori electorate. During his time in office, he advocated for Māori rights and welfare, including health, education, and land issues.

Anthropological Work

Buck's transition from medicine to anthropology was marked by his appointment as a director at the Bishop Museum in Hawaii. There, he conducted extensive research on Polynesian cultures, undertaking fieldwork in various Pacific Islands. His studies focused on traditional societies, including their social organization, religion, and material culture. Buck's publications, such as "Vikings of the Sunrise" and "The Coming of the Maori," are considered seminal works in the field of Polynesian anthropology.

Legacy

Peter Buck's contributions to anthropology, medicine, and the welfare of the Māori people have had a lasting impact. He is remembered not only for his scholarly work but also for his efforts to bridge the gap between different cultures. Buck's life and work exemplify the integration of scientific inquiry with a deep respect for cultural heritage.

Selected Publications

• Vikings of the Sunrise
• The Coming of the Maori

See Also

• Anthropology
• Polynesian culture
• Māori people
• University of Otago