Phenylethylamine

Phenylethylamine (also known as PEA, β-phenylethylamine, 2-phenylethan-1-amine) is a trace amine and influencer of many neurotransmitters, notably dopamine and serotonin. It is a natural compound found in the human body and in various foods, such as chocolate.

Chemistry

Phenylethylamine is a benzene derivative and consists of a benzene ring substituted with an ethylamine side chain. It is a colorless liquid at room temperature and has a strong amine odor. It is soluble in water, alcohol, and ether.

Biosynthesis and metabolism

Phenylethylamine is synthesized in the human body from the amino acid phenylalanine by enzymatic decarboxylation via the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase. In humans, it is metabolized primarily by monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) into phenylacetic acid, increasing in presence during moments of high stress or anxiety.

Effects on the human body

Phenylethylamine plays a significant role in the human central nervous system. It is believed to function as a neuromodulator or neurotransmitter. When ingested, phenylethylamine can have psychoactive effects and can act as a stimulant. It is also thought to enhance mood and promote feelings of happiness.

Phenylethylamine in food

Phenylethylamine is found in many foods, most notably in chocolate from the cocoa bean. It is also found in certain cheeses and sausages. Some people believe that the phenylethylamine in chocolate is responsible for the "chocolate high" some people report after consuming it.

Phenylethylamine in medicine

Phenylethylamine has been used in the treatment of depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is also used in some dietary supplements for its supposed mood-enhancing effects.

See also

• Trace amine
• Neurotransmitter
• Dopamine
• Serotonin
• Phenylalanine
• Monoamine oxidase B