Phenylpiracetam

Phenylpiracetam (IUPAC name: (R,S)-2-(2-oxo-4-phenylpyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide) is a nootropic drug of the racetam family. It is a derivative of piracetam with an added phenyl group, which is believed to increase the drug's potency.

History

Phenylpiracetam was developed in Russia in the 1980s as a cognitive enhancer. It was used by Russian cosmonauts during long space missions to combat fatigue and improve cognition.

Pharmacology

Phenylpiracetam is believed to act on the central nervous system (CNS) by increasing the release of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, neurotransmitters that play key roles in mood regulation, alertness, and cognition. It also increases the density of dopamine receptors in the brain, which may contribute to its cognitive-enhancing effects.

Clinical uses

Phenylpiracetam is used clinically in some countries, including Russia and Ukraine, for the treatment of cognitive impairment, stroke, and cerebral ischemia. It is also used off-label as a cognitive enhancer and to improve physical stamina.

Side effects

Common side effects of phenylpiracetam include insomnia, irritability, nausea, and headache. Rare but serious side effects include hypertension, tachycardia, and psychosis.

Legal status

In the United States, phenylpiracetam is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is sold as a dietary supplement. In Russia and Ukraine, it is a prescription drug.

See also

• Nootropic
• Racetam
• Piracetam
• Cognitive enhancement

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