Phlotoxin 1

Phlotoxin 1 is a toxin that is derived from the venom of the Philothamnus semivariegatus snake, commonly known as the Spotted Bush Snake. This toxin is a member of the three-finger toxin (3FTx) family, which is a group of non-enzymatic proteins found in the venom of many elapid snakes.

Structure and Function

Phlotoxin 1 is a small protein composed of approximately 60-74 amino acid residues. Like other 3FTxs, it has a unique three-finger fold structure, which is characterized by three beta-sheet-rich loops extending from a central core. This structure allows the toxin to interact with a variety of molecular targets, including ion channels, receptors, and other proteins.

The exact function of Phlotoxin 1 is not fully understood, but it is believed to play a role in the immobilization and digestion of prey. It may also have potential applications in pharmacology and drug discovery, due to its ability to modulate the activity of certain ion channels and receptors.

Toxicity

The toxicity of Phlotoxin 1 is relatively low compared to other snake venom toxins. However, it can still cause a range of symptoms if it enters the bloodstream, including pain, swelling, nausea, and vomiting. In severe cases, it can lead to neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and even death.

Treatment

Treatment for Phlotoxin 1 exposure primarily involves supportive care, including pain management and treatment of symptoms. Antivenom therapy may also be used in severe cases, although the effectiveness of this treatment is variable due to the diverse nature of snake venom toxins.

See Also

• Philothamnus semivariegatus
• Three-finger toxin
• Snake venom
• Toxinology