Phyllodes

Phyllodes tumor is a rare type of breast tumor that is typically benign (noncancerous). However, in some cases, it can be malignant (cancerous) or borderline (neither clearly benign nor malignant). The name "phyllodes," which is taken from the Greek language and means "leaflike," refers to that fact that the tumor cells grow in a pattern resembling leaves when viewed under a microscope.

Symptoms

The most common symptom of a phyllodes tumor is a breast lump that you can feel, which is usually painless. Other symptoms may include changes in the size and shape of the breast, and in rare cases, a dark, bloody discharge from the nipple.

Causes

The exact cause of phyllodes tumors is unknown. They tend to occur in women in their 40s, but women of any age can be affected.

Diagnosis

Phyllodes tumors are usually diagnosed using a combination of physical examination, mammography, and biopsy. The diagnosis can be challenging because phyllodes tumors can appear similar to fibroadenomas, another type of benign breast tumor.

Treatment

The primary treatment for phyllodes tumors is surgery. The goal of surgery is to remove the tumor with a margin of healthy tissue around it to reduce the risk of recurrence. In some cases, the entire breast may be removed (mastectomy). If the tumor is malignant, additional treatments such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be recommended.

Prognosis

The prognosis for phyllodes tumors is generally good, especially for benign tumors. However, malignant phyllodes tumors can be more aggressive and have a higher risk of recurrence and spread to other parts of the body (metastasis).

See also

• Breast cancer
• Fibroadenoma
• Mastectomy

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