Physical map

Physical map is a type of genetic map that represents the physical distance between genes or genetic markers, usually measured in base pairs. This is different from a genetic linkage map, which measures relative distance based on genetic linkage or recombination frequency.

Overview

Physical maps are important in genetics for many reasons. They make it possible to study the genome structure and to search for genes associated with diseases. In addition, physical maps are crucial in the process of genome sequencing, gene cloning and genetic engineering.

Types of Physical Maps

There are several types of physical maps, including restriction maps, STS maps, and FISH maps.

Restriction Maps

Restriction maps provide information about the piece of DNA, including its length and the locations of restriction enzyme cut sites.

STS Maps

STS maps are created using small sequences that have a single occurrence in the genome. These sequences can be amplified by PCR and are used to search for overlap and order of fragments.

FISH Maps

FISH maps, also known as cytogenetic maps, use fluorescent probes that bind to specific DNA sequences, allowing for the visualization of genetic material in a cell.

Construction of Physical Maps

The construction of a physical map requires various methods, including restriction mapping, PCR, and DNA sequencing. The process often involves cutting the DNA with restriction enzymes, separating the fragments by gel electrophoresis, and then identifying the fragments using probes.

Applications

Physical maps are used in a variety of applications, including genome sequencing, gene cloning, and genetic engineering. They are also used in the study of genomic disorders and in the development of gene therapy strategies.

See also

• Genetic map
• Genetic linkage map
• Genome sequencing
• Gene cloning
• Genetic engineering

Physical map Resources
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