Picrasma

Picrasma quassioides

Picrasma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Simaroubaceae, native to tropical regions of the Americas and Asia. The genus is known for its species that possess medicinal properties and have been used in traditional medicine systems across their native ranges. The most well-known species within this genus is Picrasma excelsa, commonly referred to as the Bitterwood or Quassia, due to its intensely bitter taste which is attributed to the presence of chemical compounds such as quassinoids.

Description

Plants in the genus Picrasma are typically small to medium-sized trees or shrubs. They are characterized by their compound leaves, small, inconspicuous flowers, and the production of fruits that are small berries or drupes. The wood and bark of these plants contain quassinoids, which are responsible for their bitter taste and are believed to have various pharmacological properties.

Distribution and Habitat

Picrasma species are found in a wide range of habitats from lowland tropical forests to mountainous regions. They are distributed across the tropical regions of the Americas and Asia, with each species having its own specific range. For example, Picrasma excelsa is primarily found in the Caribbean and parts of South America.

Uses

The wood and bark of Picrasma species have been used in traditional medicine for their supposed antipyretic, antiparasitic, and digestive properties. Picrasma excelsa, in particular, has been used to make a bitter tonic that is believed to stimulate digestion and improve appetite. Additionally, the wood is sometimes used in the manufacture of furniture and as a natural insecticide.

Conservation

While some species of Picrasma are common within their range, others face threats from habitat destruction and overharvesting due to their medicinal and economic value. Conservation efforts are necessary to ensure the sustainability of these species in the wild.

Taxonomy

The taxonomy of Picrasma has been subject to revision, and the genus is closely related to other genera in the Simaroubaceae family, such as Quassia. Molecular phylogenetic studies continue to refine the understanding of relationships within this family.

Species

The genus Picrasma comprises several species, including:

• Picrasma excelsa (Bitterwood)
• Picrasma javanica
• Picrasma quassioides

See Also

• Simaroubaceae
• Medicinal plants
• Traditional medicine