Picrocrocin

Picrocrocin

Picrocrocin is a monoterpene glycoside responsible for the bitter taste of the spice saffron. It is a white crystalline compound with a bitter taste and is soluble in water. Picrocrocin is a precursor of the aroma compound safranal.

Chemistry

Picrocrocin is a monoterpene glycoside compound. It is derived from the dehydration of the carotenoid zeaxanthin. Picrocrocin is a precursor of safranal, which is formed during the drying process of the saffron stigmas. The conversion of picrocrocin to safranal is a heat-dependent process.

Biosynthesis

The biosynthesis of picrocrocin begins with the carotenoid zeaxanthin. The enzyme zeaxanthin cleavage dioxygenase (CCD2) cleaves zeaxanthin to form crocetin dialdehyde. This is then converted to picrocrocin by the enzyme UDP-glucosyl transferase (UGT).

Role in Saffron

Picrocrocin is responsible for the bitter taste of saffron. During the drying process of the saffron stigmas, picrocrocin is converted to safranal, which gives saffron its characteristic aroma. The concentration of picrocrocin in saffron is used as a measure of the spice's quality.

Health Benefits

Picrocrocin has been studied for its potential health benefits. Some studies suggest that it may have antioxidant, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects. However, more research is needed to confirm these potential benefits.

See Also

• Saffron
• Safranal
• Zeaxanthin