Pifluthixol

Pifluthixol is a typical antipsychotic medication belonging to the thioxanthene class. It is primarily used in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Pifluthixol functions as a dopamine receptor antagonist, which helps in reducing the symptoms of psychosis such as hallucinations and delusions.

Pharmacology

Pifluthixol acts by blocking dopamine D2 receptors in the brain, which are thought to be overactive in individuals with schizophrenia. By inhibiting these receptors, pifluthixol helps to restore the balance of neurotransmitters, thereby alleviating psychotic symptoms.

Mechanism of Action

The primary mechanism of action of pifluthixol is the antagonism of dopamine D2 receptors. This action reduces the effects of excess dopamine, which is believed to contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Additionally, pifluthixol may have some affinity for other neurotransmitter receptors, including serotonin receptors, which might contribute to its therapeutic effects and side effect profile.

Pharmacokinetics

Pifluthixol is administered orally and is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. It undergoes hepatic metabolism and is excreted primarily in the urine. The half-life of pifluthixol allows for once-daily dosing, which can improve patient compliance.

Clinical Use

Pifluthixol is indicated for the management of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. It is effective in reducing both positive symptoms (such as hallucinations and delusions) and negative symptoms (such as social withdrawal and apathy) of schizophrenia.

Side Effects

Common side effects of pifluthixol include sedation, weight gain, and extrapyramidal symptoms such as tremors and rigidity. Long-term use may lead to tardive dyskinesia, a condition characterized by involuntary, repetitive body movements. Patients should be monitored regularly for these side effects.

Contraindications

Pifluthixol is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to thioxanthenes or any component of the formulation. It should be used with caution in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, seizure disorders, or liver impairment.

Also see

• Thioxanthene
• Dopamine receptor antagonist
• Schizophrenia
• Antipsychotic
• Extrapyramidal symptoms