Pigmentation

Pigmentation refers to the coloring of the skin, hair, mucous membranes, and retina of the eye. Pigmentation is due to the deposition of the pigment melanin, which is produced by specialized cells called melanocytes. Other factors that affect skin coloration include the level of blood circulation, skin thickness and content of carotenoids in skin.

Types of Pigmentation

There are two types of pigmentation: Eumelanin and Pheomelanin. Eumelanin is responsible for brown and black pigmentation, while pheomelanin provides yellow and red pigmentation. The type and amount of melanin produced by the body determines the color of the skin, hair, and eyes.

Pigmentation Disorders

Pigmentation disorders can be either hypopigmentation or hyperpigmentation. Hypopigmentation is a decrease in skin pigmentation, while hyperpigmentation is an increase in skin pigmentation. Some common pigmentation disorders include vitiligo, albinism, melasma, and freckles.

Causes of Pigmentation Disorders

Pigmentation disorders can be caused by various factors, including genetic factors, hormonal changes, exposure to sunlight, certain medications, and skin damage. For example, vitiligo is thought to be an autoimmune disease, while albinism is a genetic disorder.

Treatment of Pigmentation Disorders

Treatment of pigmentation disorders depends on the underlying cause. Treatments may include topical creams, laser therapy, and cosmetic procedures. In some cases, treating the underlying cause can help to improve the pigmentation disorder.

See Also

• Melanin
• Melanocyte
• Vitiligo
• Albinism
• Melasma
• Freckles

Pigmentation Resources
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