Pisa syndrome

Pisa syndrome is a condition characterized by a sustained involuntary flexion of the body and head to one side and slight rotation of the trunk so the person appears to lean like the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The syndrome is typically associated with Parkinson's disease and antipsychotic drug use.

Etiology

The exact cause of Pisa syndrome is unknown. However, it is often associated with the use of neuroleptic drugs, especially those used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It is also seen in patients with Alzheimer's disease and those suffering from other forms of dementia.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of Pisa syndrome is a noticeable lean to one side. This lean is involuntary and is often accompanied by a slight rotation of the trunk. The person's posture may resemble the Leaning Tower of Pisa, hence the name of the syndrome. Other symptoms may include muscle rigidity and pain in the neck or trunk.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Pisa syndrome is primarily based on physical examination and patient history. The doctor may also order imaging tests such as MRI or CT scan to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.

Treatment

Treatment of Pisa syndrome is focused on managing the symptoms and improving the patient's quality of life. This may involve physiotherapy, adjustment of medication, and in some cases, surgery.

See also

• Parkinson's disease
• Dystonia
• Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Resources

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Source: Data courtesy of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. Since the data might have changed, please query MeSH on Pisa syndrome for any updates.

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