Plant-induced systemic resistance
Plant-induced systemic resistance (ISR) is a plant defense mechanism that is activated in response to specific environmental stimuli, such as the presence of certain beneficial microbes. This form of resistance enhances the plant's ability to defend itself against a broad spectrum of pathogens and pests.
Mechanism of Induced Systemic Resistance[edit | edit source]
ISR is typically triggered by non-pathogenic rhizobacteria, such as those belonging to the genus Pseudomonas. These beneficial microbes colonize the plant roots and stimulate the plant's immune system. Unlike the hypersensitive response, which involves localized cell death to prevent pathogen spread, ISR does not involve cell death but rather primes the plant to respond more effectively to future attacks.
The signaling pathways involved in ISR are distinct from those of systemic acquired resistance (SAR), which is another form of induced resistance. While SAR is often associated with the accumulation of salicylic acid, ISR is commonly linked to the production of jasmonic acid and ethylene. These signaling molecules help coordinate the plant's defense responses throughout its tissues.
Benefits of Induced Systemic Resistance[edit | edit source]
ISR provides several advantages to plants:
- **Broad-spectrum resistance**: ISR can protect plants against a wide range of pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
- **Sustainability**: By relying on natural plant-microbe interactions, ISR offers a sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides.
- **Growth promotion**: Some ISR-inducing microbes also promote plant growth by enhancing nutrient uptake and stress tolerance.
Applications in Agriculture[edit | edit source]
The use of ISR in agriculture is gaining interest as a means to reduce reliance on chemical pesticides and improve crop resilience. Farmers and researchers are exploring the use of ISR-inducing microbes as biological control agents. These microbes can be applied to seeds, soil, or plant surfaces to enhance plant health and yield.
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