Platelet-activating factor

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent lipid mediator involved in many physiological and pathological processes. It is a type of phospholipid that has been implicated in a variety of biological functions, including inflammation, allergy, shock, and thrombosis.

Structure

PAF is a unique glycerophospholipid with a short, sn-2 acetyl group and a long, sn-1 alkyl group. The sn-3 position is occupied by a phosphocholine group. This structure is essential for its biological activity.

Biosynthesis

PAF is synthesized by a variety of cells, including platelets, neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells. The biosynthesis of PAF involves two main pathways: the de novo pathway and the remodeling pathway.

Functions

PAF has a wide range of biological functions. It is a potent platelet activator and aggregator, hence its name. It also has pro-inflammatory effects, stimulating the release of histamine from mast cells and basophils, and promoting the adhesion and migration of leukocytes. In addition, PAF plays a role in vascular permeability, bronchoconstriction, and immune response.

Pathological roles

PAF has been implicated in a variety of pathological conditions, including asthma, allergic reactions, septic shock, ischemia, and thrombosis. It is also involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cancer.

Therapeutic potential

Given its involvement in many pathological processes, PAF has been the target of numerous therapeutic interventions. PAF antagonists have been developed and tested for their efficacy in treating conditions such as asthma, allergic reactions, and septic shock.

See also

• Phospholipid
• Inflammation
• Thrombosis
• Asthma
• Allergic reactions

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