Septic shock

Septic shock is a severe and potentially fatal condition that occurs as a complication of sepsis, an overwhelming and systemic response to infection.

Sepsis Steps

Definition

Septic shock is a subset of sepsis in which underlying circulatory, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities are severe enough to substantially increase mortality. It is primarily characterized by low blood pressure that does not adequately respond to fluid resuscitation, along with signs of inadequate organ perfusion.

Pathophysiology

In septic shock, the body's response to infection leads to the release of inflammatory mediators that cause widespread vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and coagulation abnormalities. This can lead to a decrease in blood pressure (hypotension), inadequate blood flow to the organs (ischemia), and eventual multi-organ failure.

Symptoms

Patients with septic shock may initially present with symptoms of infection, such as fever, chills, rapid heart rate, and confusion. As shock develops, they may experience low blood pressure, decreased urine output, rapid heart rate, and altered mental status.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of septic shock involves identifying the presence of sepsis and the associated organ dysfunction. This can include lab tests such as a complete blood count, blood cultures, coagulation studies, and lactate levels. Imaging studies may also be used to identify the source of infection.

Treatment

Treatment of septic shock involves immediate initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotics, fluid resuscitation, and vasopressor therapy to maintain adequate blood pressure. Invasive monitoring may be needed to assess the patient's response to treatment. Source control measures, such as surgical drainage or removal of infected devices, are also important.

Summary

Septic shock is a life-threatening condition in which tissues become damaged and blood pressure drops (hypotension) due to bacteria multiplying and producing poisons in the blood

See Also

• Sepsis
• Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
• Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)

References

Septic shock Resources
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