Plume (feather)

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Plume refers to a type of feather found primarily on birds. Plumes can vary greatly in size, shape, and color, serving different functions ranging from flight, insulation, to courtship and display. These feathers are often distinguished by their softer, more decorative nature compared to the more functional flight feathers and down feathers.

Types of Plumes

Plumes can be categorized into several types based on their location on the bird's body and their function:

• Contour Feathers: These feathers form the bird's outermost layer, giving it its shape and color. Some contour feathers, especially those on the head or tail, can be elongated or ornate and are considered plumes.
• Semiplume: These feathers have a central rachis with long, soft barbs on either side. They provide insulation and fill out the bird's profile.
• Filoplume: Hair-like feathers that are primarily sensory, monitoring the position of the contour feathers.
• Down Feathers: Though not typically considered plumes, some birds have especially fluffy down that can appear plume-like.
• Display Feathers: These are specialized plumes used by birds during courtship rituals to attract mates. The peacock's tail feathers are a prime example.

Function

Plumes serve various functions in the avian world:

• Flight: While not all plumes are involved in flight, those that are, like certain contour feathers, play a critical role in aerodynamics.
• Insulation: Feathers like semiplumes trap air close to the bird's body, providing warmth.
• Display and Courtship: Many birds have brightly colored or uniquely shaped plumes that are used to attract mates or intimidate rivals.
• Camouflage: Some plumes help the bird blend into its surroundings, protecting it from predators.

Cultural Significance

Throughout history, plumes have been used by humans in various cultures for decoration, ceremonial purposes, and as symbols of status. They have been incorporated into hats, worn as accessories, and used in the creation of ornate costumes.

Conservation

The demand for plume feathers for fashion and decoration led to the overhunting of many bird species in the 19th and early 20th centuries. This led to the establishment of conservation laws and the formation of organizations like the Audubon Society, which played a significant role in bird protection efforts.

See Also

• Bird anatomy
• Feather
• Ornithology