Polysorbate 20

Polysorbate 20 is a surfactant and emulsifier often used in food and cosmetic products. It is a yellow, viscous liquid that is soluble in water and ethanol. It is produced by ethoxylation of sorbitan before the addition of lauric acid.

Chemical Structure

Polysorbate 20 is a polyoxyethylene derivative of sorbitan monolaurate. The number 20 in its name refers to the total number of oxyethylene groups found in the molecule. The chemical formula of Polysorbate 20 is C58H114O26.

Production

Polysorbate 20 is produced by the ethoxylation of sorbitan, which is derived from the dehydration of sorbitol. This is followed by the esterification with lauric acid, a fatty acid commonly found in coconut and palm kernel oils.

Uses

Polysorbate 20 is widely used in the food and cosmetics industries due to its emulsifying properties. It helps to mix oil and water, preventing them from separating. In the food industry, it is used as an emulsifier in ice creams, baked goods, and salad dressings. In cosmetics, it is used in lotions, creams, and makeup products.

Safety

Polysorbate 20 is generally considered safe for use in foods and cosmetics. However, it can cause skin irritation in some individuals, especially when used in high concentrations. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Polysorbate 20.

Regulation

In the United States, Polysorbate 20 is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It is listed as a food additive that is generally recognized as safe (GRAS). In the European Union, it is approved for use in food under the E number E432.

See Also

• Polysorbate 80
• Sorbitan monostearate
• Food additives
• Emulsion