Port (medicine)

A medical device used for long-term intravenous access

Port (medicine)

A port in medicine, also known as a port-a-cath, is a small medical appliance that is installed beneath the skin. A catheter connects the port to a vein. Under the skin, the port has a septum through which drugs can be injected and blood samples can be drawn many times, usually with less discomfort for the patient than a more typical "needle stick."

A port-a-cath device

Design and Function

The port is typically a small, round device made of metal or plastic. It is implanted under the skin, usually in the chest area, and connected to a vein via a catheter. The port has a silicone septum that can be punctured with a special needle called a Huber needle, which is designed to minimize damage to the septum and extend the life of the port.

A port with a gripper needle inserted

Components

• Port body: The main part of the device, which is implanted under the skin.
• Catheter: A thin, flexible tube that connects the port to a vein.
• Septum: A self-sealing membrane that allows access to the port with a needle.

Indications

Ports are used for patients who require frequent or continuous administration of intravenous medications, such as chemotherapy, antibiotics, or total parenteral nutrition. They are also used for patients who need frequent blood draws or transfusions.

Procedure

The implantation of a port is a minor surgical procedure usually performed under local anesthesia. The surgeon makes a small incision to create a pocket for the port and another incision to insert the catheter into a vein. The catheter is then tunneled under the skin to connect with the port.

An implanted port visible under the skin

Advantages

• Reduced discomfort: Ports reduce the need for repeated needle sticks, which can be painful and cause vein damage.
• Convenience: Ports provide easy access for medication administration and blood draws.
• Long-term use: Ports can remain in place for months or even years, depending on the patient's needs.

Complications

While ports are generally safe, they can be associated with complications such as infection, thrombosis, and mechanical failure. Proper care and maintenance are essential to minimize these risks.

X-ray showing a port catheter

Care and Maintenance

Ports require regular flushing with saline or heparin to prevent clotting. Patients and caregivers are trained in the proper techniques for accessing and maintaining the port to reduce the risk of infection and other complications.

Imaging

Ports can be visualized using various imaging techniques, such as X-rays and CT scans, to ensure proper placement and function.

X-ray of a port-a-cath in the azygos vein

CT scan of a port-a-cath in the azygos vein

Related pages

• Intravenous therapy
• Central venous catheter
• Chemotherapy
• Total parenteral nutrition