Post-translational

Post-translational modification (PTM) refers to the covalent and generally enzymatic modification of proteins following protein biosynthesis. Proteins are synthesized by ribosomes translating mRNA into polypeptide chains, which may then undergo PTM to form the mature protein product.

Types of Post-translational modification

There are many types of post-translational modifications. Some of the most common types include:

• Phosphorylation: This is the addition of a phosphate group to a protein molecule. It is a crucial part of many cellular processes, including cell division, growth, and death.

• Acetylation: This involves the addition of an acetyl group to a protein molecule. It plays a key role in gene expression and regulation.

• Methylation: This is the addition of a methyl group to a protein molecule. It is involved in many processes, including DNA repair, gene expression, and signal transduction.

• Glycosylation: This is the addition of a carbohydrate group to a protein molecule. It is important for protein folding and stability.

• Ubiquitination: This involves the addition of ubiquitin, a small protein, to a protein molecule. It is a signal for protein degradation.

Role in cellular function

Post-translational modifications play a crucial role in a variety of cellular functions. They can alter the physical and chemical properties of proteins, their stability, their activity, their cellular location, and their interaction with other proteins. They are also involved in signal transduction pathways, immune responses, and the control of gene expression.

See also

• Protein biosynthesis
• Enzyme
• Gene expression
• Signal transduction

References

Post-translational Resources
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