Postencephalitic parkinsonism

Postencephalitic Parkinsonism is a type of Parkinsonism that occurs following an infection of the brain. It is characterized by the classic symptoms of Parkinsonism, including tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.

History

Postencephalitic Parkinsonism was first described in the early 20th century, following the 1918 influenza pandemic. The condition was initially associated with the Encephalitis lethargica epidemic that occurred around the same time. However, it is now known that postencephalitic Parkinsonism can occur following a variety of brain infections.

Causes

The exact cause of postencephalitic Parkinsonism is not known. It is believed to be related to damage to the basal ganglia, a group of structures in the brain that are involved in movement. This damage may be caused by inflammation and swelling in the brain following an infection.

Symptoms

The symptoms of postencephalitic Parkinsonism are similar to those of other forms of Parkinsonism. They include:

• Tremor: This is often the first symptom and usually affects one side of the body.
• Rigidity: This is stiffness in the muscles that can make movement difficult.
• Bradykinesia: This is slowness of movement and a reduction in spontaneous activity.
• Postural instability: This is a loss of balance and coordination.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of postencephalitic Parkinsonism is based on the patient's history and a neurological examination. Imaging tests, such as a MRI or CT scan, may be used to rule out other causes of the symptoms.

Treatment

There is no cure for postencephalitic Parkinsonism, but the symptoms can be managed with medication. Levodopa is the most commonly used drug. Other treatments, such as Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), may be considered in severe cases.

See also

• Parkinson's disease
• Encephalitis lethargica
• Basal ganglia