Potassium periodate

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Potassium periodate

Potassium periodate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula KIO₄. It is a salt consisting of potassium ions (K⁺) and periodate ions (IO₄⁻). Potassium periodate is used in various chemical syntheses and analytical chemistry applications, primarily as an oxidizing agent.

Properties

Potassium periodate is a white crystalline solid at room temperature. It is soluble in water, producing a slightly alkaline solution. The compound is stable under normal conditions but decomposes upon heating to release oxygen and form potassium iodate (KIO₃).

Synthesis

Potassium periodate can be synthesized by the oxidation of potassium iodate (KIO₃) with chlorine in an alkaline medium. Alternatively, it can be produced by the electrolytic oxidation of potassium iodate in an aqueous solution.

Applications

Analytical Chemistry

In analytical chemistry, potassium periodate is used as an oxidizing agent in the determination of various organic compounds. It is particularly useful in the oxidation of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in quantitative analysis procedures.

Organic Synthesis

Potassium periodate is employed in organic synthesis for the oxidative cleavage of 1,2-diols, converting them into aldehydes or ketones. This reaction is known as the Malaprade reaction.

Other Uses

Potassium periodate is also used in the preparation of other periodate salts, in the purification of gold, and as a reagent in the synthesis of certain dyes and pigments.

Safety

Potassium periodate is an oxidizing agent and should be handled with care. It can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Appropriate safety measures, including the use of personal protective equipment, should be taken when handling this chemical.